What Does Sartre Mean When He Says That the Work of Art Is an Unreality?
Nigh the post about the briefing Existentialism is a humanism by Sartre, let's expect at the Sartre's moral existentialist, mainly expressed in three books:
– Notebooks for an Ideals
– Critique of Dialectical Reason
– Existence and Nothingness
Sartre, after the ontology built in Existence and Nothingness, tried to give a applied pregnant to his phenomenology, i.e. the pregnant ontological freedom. Ontology is the natural path of ethics, according toSartre.
Sartre and Marxist materialism and morality:
Sartre wants to divide the value of historical materialism (= reinstatement of the moral subject in the positiveness of being-in-situation) and materialist metaphysics.
For Sartre, nosotros can no longer support or that the "I created the world" or that the globe has created me, because me and the gimmicky world: the For-itself and the globe arise concomitantly.
Thus, Sartre constructs an ideals of finitude that wants to answer the question: How to live the freedom of the For-Cocky, the being which is what information technology is and not what it is, and therefore be defined as openness to possibilities?
The For-Itself must internalize its finitude, information technology has to be done. This is the meditation of our finiteness which bases morality, instead to withdraw whatsoever sense.
Indeed, the finiteness implies that I'1000 in a world that I do not command my deportment may take consequences countless. But because the fate of my deportment I forget I have to choose between possible, then I am a pure freedom. The consequences of my deportment are to claim the subject: "Freedom must assume that it did non claim to know it."
How the historicity, the fact of beingness in a time not selected, can it be compatible with my freedom? The two are compatible because the subject area is a project of freedom, a project into the futurity, a transformation of its artificiality. We must human action on the facticity to reclaim. Morality begins with the seizure of my contingency, by the duty-being.
Sartre: Ontology and Ethics
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"The For-Itself is the beingness by whom values be as his freedom is the but source of value."
Freedom is the passing moment of facts to values. Consciousness, equally self-presence, is also projection overrun, burst. The subject is non what he is because he however plans to exist annihilation other than what it is. The cogito is a moral conscience as reflective consciousness (= who thinks me) reveals the same token values.
Sartre, Ethics and Intersubjectivity
The cogito I discovered the existence of others also as my own existence. The For-Itself and leads to the For-Others. Sartre in fact refutes solipsism (only me there =) and is the first to consider others in his moral relation (the set up-in Heidegger is an abstract relationship, ontological says nothing about the actual being). Sartre'south relationship cocky / other place of applied philosophy and ethics.
Moral relationship to others is one that avoids the alienation (= dominance of Others), which can take iv forms:
– Breach from human nature: nature defines existence every bit it should be (essentialist formulation of human being)
– The transfer by the right and duty: for Sartre, "the duty is the other central to my volition, a slave without a chief." Sarte refuses the sacrifice of the individual to humanity. Duty is synonymous with alienation. Similarly, Sartre is anti-legal for my freedom can not be reduced by that of others.
– Alienation from the values: The idea that the values are given, non created, means the spirit of seriousness in Sartre. The values are non transcendent but immanent.
– Disposal by the unconscious: if the unconscious interim for me, I tin not be responsible, and then free, so morale. The unconscious is another in my consciousness, a force of self-alienation.
The Other is a category that suggests all forms of breach.
Sartre too presents ii kinds of transcendence: The Ego and God
– The ego is the part of self-consciousness is what other people made me. Freedom must be free of ego and I like forms of the priority of the Other.
– God, the i that absolutely dominates me, considering it tells me its police and gives me an essence to which I can not escape.
Therefore, morality is based on the refusal of the disposition, whatever its form. Liberty must exist cosmos of the earth, that progressive elimination of facticity.
Ethics and individual ideals of the man
Sartre'south ethics is not an ethic of autonomy (cf. Kant and the moral law), but a moral independence, individuality to which the subject refuses whatsoever submission to an external police force, considers itself as the sole source of values.
The absence of petrol, in humans, is what makes morality possible. A life free of values is creative, non-alienating relation to others, tension towards universality.
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More on Sartre's Philosophy:
– Sartre'due south morality : Choice and Responsability
– Sartre : Existentialism and Humanism
– Sartre : Philosophy Summary
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Source: https://www.the-philosophy.com/sartre-morality
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